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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was the founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey. Here is a brief overview of his life:
Early Life:
Atatürk was born on May 19, 1881, in the Ottoman city of Selanik (now Thessaloniki, Greece). His birth name was Mustafa, and his father was a customs official named Ali Riza. He attended military school in Istanbul and graduated in 1905.Military Career:
Atatürk fought in the Ottoman Empire's military during World War I, rising to the rank of colonel. He became a national hero for his leadership during the Gallipoli Campaign against the Allies in 1915.Formation of the Republic of Turkey:
Following the end of World War I, Atatürk led the Turkish War of Independence against occupying Allied forces and Ottoman loyalists. He founded the Turkish National Movement and established a provisional government in Ankara in 1920. In 1923, the Republic of Turkey was officially established, and Atatürk became its first president.Reforms:
As president, Atatürk implemented a series of wide-ranging reforms designed to modernize and secularize Turkish society. These included replacing the Arabic script with the Latin alphabet, granting women the right to vote and hold public office, and banning traditional Islamic clothing in favor of Western-style dress. He also abolished the Ottoman caliphate, replacing it with a new legal code based on European models.Later Life and Legacy:
Atatürk served as president until his death on November 10, 1938. He is still widely revered in Turkey today for his contributions to the country's modernization and for his advocacy of Turkish nationalism. The principles he established during his presidency, known as "Kemalism," remain a guiding force in Turkish politics to this day.Diğer Cevaplara Gözat
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
FATHER OF THE TURKS
1881
He was born in 1881 (probably in the spring) in Salonica, then an Ottoman city, now inGreece. His father Ali Riza, a customs official turned lumber merchant, died when Mustafawas still a boy. His mother Zubeyde, adevout and strong-willed woman, raised him and his sister.
1893
First enrolled in a traditionalreligious school, he soon switched to a modern school. In 1893, he entered a military highschool where his mathematics teacher gave him the second name Kemal (meaning perfection)in recognition of young Mustafa's superior achievement.
1905
In 1905, Mustafa Kemal graduated from the War Academy in Istanbul with the rank of Staff Captain. Posted in Damascus, he started with several colleagues, a clandestinesociety called "Homeland and Freedom" to fight against the Sultan'sdespotism.
1908
In 1908 he helped the group of officers who toppled the Sultan. Mustafa Kemal'scareer flourished as he won his heroism in the far corners of the Ottoman Empire,including Albania and Tripoli. He also briefly served as a staff officer in Salonica andIstanbul and as a military attache in Sofia.
1915
In 1915, when Dardanelles campaign was launched, Colonel Mustafa Kemal became anational hero by winning successive victories and finally repelling the invaders.
1916
Promotedto general in 1916, at age 35, he liberated two major provinces in eastern Turkey thatyear. In the next two years, he served as commander of several Ottoman armies inPalestine, Aleppo, and elsewhere, achieving another major victory by stopping the enemyadvance at Aleppo.
1919
On May 19, 1919, Mustafa Kemal Pasha landed in the Black Sea port of Samsun to startthe War of Independence. In defiance of the Sultan's government, he rallied a liberationarmy in Anatolia and convened the Congress of Erzurum and Sivas which established thebasis for the new national effort under his leadership.
1920
On April 23, 1920, the GrandNational Assembly was inaugurated. Mustafa Kemal Pasha was elected to its Presidency. Fighting on many fronts, he led his forces to victory against rebels and invadingarmies. Following the Turkish triumph at the two major battles at Inonu in Western Turkey,the Grand National Assembly conferred on Mustafa Kemal Pasha the title ofCommander-in-Chief with the rank of Marshal.
1922
At the end of August 1922, the Turkish armieswon their ultimate victory. Within a few weeks, the Turkish mainland was completelyliberated, the armistice signed, and the rule of the Ottoman dynasty abolished
1923
In July 1923, the national government signed the Lausanne Treaty with Great Britain,France, Greece, Italy, and others. In mid-October, Ankara became the capital of the new Turkish State. On October 29, the Republic was proclaimed and Mustafa Kemal Pasha wasunanimously elected President of the Republic.
1934
The account of Atatürk's fifteen year Presidency is a saga of dramatic modernization.With indefatigable determination, he created a new political and legal system, abolished the Caliphate and made both government and education secular, gave equal rights to women,changed the alphabet and the attire, and advanced the arts and the sciences, agricultureand industry. In 1934, when the surname law was adopted, the national parliament gave him the name "Atatürk" (Father of the Turks)
1938
On November 10, 1938, following an illness of a few months, the national liberator and the Father of modern Turkey died. But his legacy to his people and to the world endures.
Here is a chronological overview of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's life:
1881: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was born on May 19, 1881, in the Ottoman city of Selanik (now Thessaloniki, Greece).
1905: Atatürk graduated from the Ottoman Military Academy in Istanbul with the rank of lieutenant.
1915: Atatürk gained national recognition as a military commander during the Gallipoli Campaign of World War I.
1919: Atatürk resigned from the Ottoman Army and became the leader of the Turkish nationalist movement.
1920: The Turkish Grand National Assembly was established in Ankara, and Atatürk was elected as its president. He launched a military campaign against the occupying Allied forces and Ottoman loyalists.
1923: The Republic of Turkey was officially established, and Atatürk became its first president. He implemented a series of wide-ranging reforms designed to modernize and secularize Turkish society.
1924: Atatürk abolished the Ottoman caliphate and replaced it with a new legal code based on European models.
1925: Atatürk launched a cultural revolution aimed at promoting Turkish identity and traditions.
1934: Atatürk's surname was officially changed to "Atatürk," meaning "Father of the Turks."
1938: Atatürk died on November..