Cevap :

In a uniprocessor system, multiprogramming increases processor efficiency by:

In a uniprocessor system, multiprogramming increases processor efficiency by taking advantage of idle time and overlapping the execution of multiple processes.

Here's how it works:

1. Idle time: In a single-tasking system, the processor is often idle while waiting for I/O operations (such as reading from disk or writing to network) to complete. This idle time is wasted and the processor is not being utilized efficiently.
2. Multiprogramming: With multiprogramming, multiple processes are loaded into memory at the same time. While one process is waiting for an I/O operation, the processor can switch to another process that is ready to run. This allows the processor to keep busy and avoid idle time.
3. Overlap: Multiprogramming also allows the processor to overlap the execution of multiple processes. This happens when the processor executes instructions from multiple processes concurrently. For example, the processor can fetch instructions for one process while the other process is waiting for an I/O operation.

By taking advantage of idle time and overlapping the execution of multiple processes, multiprogramming can significantly increase the efficiency of a uniprocessor system. In some cases, multiprogramming can even achieve a speedup of more than 100%.

Here are some of the specific ways in which multiprogramming increases processor efficiency:

1. Reduces processor idle time: By keeping the processor busy with multiple processes, multiprogramming reduces the amount of time that the processor is idle. This improves the overall throughput of the system.
2. Increases processor utilization: By allowing the processor to execute multiple processes concurrently, multiprogramming increases the amount of time that the processor is actually being used. This improves the overall utilization of the processor.
3. Improves fairness: By dividing the processor's time among multiple processes, multiprogramming ensures that all processes get a chance to run. This improves the fairness of the system.

Overall, multiprogramming is a powerful technique for improving the efficiency of uniprocessor systems. It is a key component of modern operating systems and is essential for supporting multiple users and applications on a single processor.

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